PTGS2 and inflammation: The induction and overexpression of PGHS2 has been associated to increased levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which in turn seems to modulate mechanisms of cell proliferation/cell death, and even tumor invasion in different cancer types such lung, colon, and breast [18]; elevated levels of expression of PGHS2 are also associated to diseases related to chronic inflammation such Crohn’s disease, and osteoarthritis [21,22].