TNF and hydrops fetalis: The levels of pro-inflammation markers were significantly higher in the ileal issue of the HF group than in the Chow group (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), 3.48 ± 0.71 vs. 1.00 ± 0.27, p < 0.01; interleukin (IL)-6, 2.59 ± 0.45 vs. 1.00 ± 0.25, p < 0.01).