ACER3 and colitis: The results revealed that Acer3 knockout significantly augmented the colitis-induced increases in the mRNA levels of Il-1β, Il-6, Tnf-α and Il-23a (Figures 4a–d) in colon, although Acer3 deficiency did not affect the basal mRNA levels of these inflammatory cytokines (Supplementary Figure S3D).