ACER3 and inflammatory bowel disease: IBD is manifested by hyperactive immune response in colon.7 It was shown that this hyperactive immune response is partially attributed to the translocation of microbiomes and/or their products, including LPS, from the colon lumen to mucosa and submucosal layers.17, 18, 19, 20 As Acer3 and C18:1-ceramide regulated LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, we investigated whether ACER3/Acer3 and C18:1-ceramide had a role in the pathogenesis of IBD.