AKT1 and Insulin resistance: For instance, GD1 and GT1 gangliosides have functions in receptor tyrosine kinase activation, GD2 ganglioside involves in the activation of c-Met through MEK/Erk and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways and enhances cell migration and proliferation, GM3 ganglioside interacts with EGFR, FGFR and VEGFR and inhibits their kinase activities and also importantly GM3 ganglioside negatively regulates insulin receptor and causes partial insulin resistance [27].