ITGAV and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Both quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and IHC results revealed elevated ITGAV expression in ESCC relative to adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.01, Figure 5C and 5D), which agreed with three published data (GSE20347, GSE23400, and GSE29001, Supplementary Figure S8A); in particular, in two cases higher expression of ITGAV was detected in invasive fronts than that in central regions, which suggested that ITGAV probably stimulated invasion of ESCC cells (Supplementary Figure S8B).