BRAF and neoplasm: However, although some tumor cell types very frequently have variants that exhibit a specific addiction to a single kinase: e.g. BCR-ABL in chronic myelogenous leukemia; mutated active ERBB1 in non-small cell lung cancer; mutated active B-RAF in melanoma; the majority of other tumor types and subtypes have a pleiotropic combination of mutations in tumor promoters and tumor suppressors that collectively facilitate tumorigenesis: e.g. in breast cancer; head and neck cancer; liver cancer [4–6].