Postprandial adverse metabolic disorders including lipemia, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory processes after eating a fast food meal observed in a human study are other possible explanations for cardiometabolic outcomes of fast foods.26 Compared to a healthy fast food meal (fiber rich sourdough rye bread, salad with vinegar, orange juice), a hamburger meal (hamburger, bacon, cola drink) was associated with higher postprandial serum levels of glucose and insulin.42,43. This evidence concerns the gene INS and metabolic disease.