TNF and infection: tuberculosis infection, as well as in TNF deficient mice at 4weeks when they succumb to the infection (Fig. 4a).IL-12p40 levels were increased in M-TNFR1 KO mice already at 3 and 4 weeks postinfection and remained elevated at 5 weeks, a time point when complete TNFR1 KOalso exhibited slightly elevated IL-12p40 (Fig. 4b), whilethey were essentially normal in TNF deficient mice at 3–4 weeks.IL-1α and IL-1β (Fig. 4c)pulmonary levels were elevated in M-TNFRI KO, TNFR1 KO and TNF-deficient mice at4 weeks of M. tuberculosis infection.