TNF and edema: The major findings of these experiments can be summarized as follows: (1) brain ischemia could induce lung injury, a kind of inflammatory lung damage; (2) intravenous injection of BMSCs could home to the lung and survive in brain ischemia induced lung injury model; (3) treatment with BMSCs could reduce pulmonary edema, improve lung function after brain ischemia; (4) BMSCs exhibited a positive role in suppressing inflammation mediators like TNF-α in lung after brain ischemia.