PPM1D and melanoma: In the lung (NCI-H522), breast (MCF-7, BT474, KPL-1, MDA-MB361), prostate (DU-145), colon (HCT15) and ovarian (OVCAR4) cancers, and in melanoma (UACC-257) and lymphoma (MOLT4), Wip1 expression is frequently elevated due to gene copy amplification (32); PTEN expression is decreased due to gene loss in colon (HCT116) and lung (NCI-H1299) cancers [87,88] or due to methylation of PTEN promoter in breast (MCF-7, BT-549) and non-small cell lung (A549) cancers [87,89].