While Th1 type cytokines viz. IL-12, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 showed a significant rise (Fig. 3A–D) in ALS treated MΦs (P < 0.05), expression of Th2 type cytokine i.e., TGF-β was reduced (Fig. 3E) (P < 0.05), though another anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression was increased (Fig. 3F) (P < 0.05). Here, TNF is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.