According to this, other studies showed that curcumin blocked p38 MAPK and Akt pathways, decreased NF-κβ level and inhibited the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMECs) and in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid-induced colitis in mice [95,96,97]. The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is colitis.