C9S is an optimized version of the CCT fusion protein, which has been developed and characterized as a heat-stable pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine candidate (Voepel et al., 2014) and included as the pre-erythrocytic component of a plant-derived multi-component, multi-stage malaria vaccine cocktail (Boes et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene FLVCR2 and malaria.