TLR9 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: NLRP3, NLRP6, and inflammasome components ASC, caspase-1, and IL-18-deficiency-associated dysbiosis leads to exacerbated hepatic steatosis and inflammation through influx of TLR4 and TLR9 agonists into the portal circulation, which results in enhanced hepatic TNF-α expression and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression.