INS and liver cancer: Only postprandial blood glucose and fasting serum insulin levels were positively correlated with tumor incidence (Fig. 4a,b), while other known risk factors for liver cancer including liver triglyceride and cholesterol content, adiposity, serum lipids (i.e. triglycerides, cholesterol and free fatty acids), liver weight, postprandial serum insulin, glucose and insulin tolerance, and serum estrogen and ALT were not significantly correlated with tumor incidence (Fig. 4c–f, Figs S3a–h, and S4a–c).