For example, a UK-based cohort study which identified 214 incident cancers among 23,834 persons with diabetes diagnosed between 1972 and 1986 and reported a standardised incidence ratio of 0.95 (95% CI 0.84, 1.08), used insulin treatment as a proxy for type 1 diabetes [12]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.