Isotype IgM responses against both GLURP R2 (HR 0.77; 95 % CI 0.63–0.95; p = 0.01) and MSP1 hybrid (HR 0.82; 95 % CI 0.71–0.94; p = 0.01) were also significantly associated with reduced risk of clinical malaria in the Burkinabe cohort. The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is malaria.