EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Clinical trials of targeted therapy, such as with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy in EGFR mutant NSCLC and crizotinib therapy in ALK rearranged NSCLC, have demonstrated major improvements in treatment response, quality of life, and progression-free survival compared to chemotherapy [3–5].