As our data shows that both PKCδ and integrin αVβ3 regulate ERK activation and transformed growth of K-ras dependent NSCLC cells (Figure 6A and 6B), and that integrin αVβ3 is a downstream effector of PKCδ in this pathway, we next asked if integrin αVβ3 regulation of ERK activation is required for transformed growth. Here, PRKCD is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.