Further, genes associated with cell adhesion (GO:0007155, P = 6.9 × 10−10, e.g., VCAN, SPP1, FN1, NEDD9, and ITGB3), locomotion (GO:0040011, P = 2.5 × 10−9, TIMP1, VCAN, TNS3, and CTHRC1), and vasculature development (GO:0001944, P = 3.4 × 10−8, ITGA5, COL4A1, THY1, FN1, and CYR61) were upregulated in metastatic primary melanomas. Here, COL4A1 is linked to melanoma.