TGFBR1 and melanoma: Because previous studies have reported that TGFβ increases CTHRC1 expression and that CTHRC1, in turn, inhibits TGFβ signaling in different cell types [20, 23], we examined the role of TGFβ in the regulation of CTHRC1 in melanoma cells by inhibiting TGFβ signaling with increasing concentrations of a specific TGFβ-receptor I/ALK-5 inhibitor SB505124.