AKT1 and pulmonary emphysema: Nanocapillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF), first reported by O'Neill et al33 to detect low levels of signalling proteins in just 25 cells, was used in this study to determine the relative protein level and phosphorylation status of ERK and AKT in lysates from tumour and matched lung tissue in patients with and without pathological evidence of emphysema.