NDEL1 and lissencephaly spectrum disorders: Other genes reported to cause cortical lamination defects (lissencephaly, pachygyria and polymicrogryia), severe developmental delay and seizures, are also generally cytoskeletal proteins (e.g. the tubulins) or act upon cytoskeletal proteins [LIS1 (PAFAH1B1), DCX, reelin (RELN), NUDE (NDE1) and NDEL1], and similar toCCDC88A, have complex multiple interactions, and functions (Guerrini and Dobyns, 2014).