Therefore, as with the unexpectedly mild metabolic and amyloidosis phenotypes of Sorcs1 -/- x APP/PSEN1 mice as opposed to the exacerbated phenotypes of other combined diabetic/cerebral amyloidotic mouse models, the APP/PSEN1 transgenes were apparently less stressful to beta cells and/or insulin action when compared to the metabolic stress induced by db/db. Here, INS is linked to amyloidosis.