Other studies suggest more complex actions of TIMs; for example, TIM-3 expressed on tumor-associated DCs suppressed TLR-mediated innate immune responses to nucleic acids by interfering with HMGB1-mediated anti-tumor immune-surveillance mechanisms.63 Although these studies provide significant insight into the TIM-3 signaling pathway, there is still much to be elucidated. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is neoplasm.