The data also suggest that the use of p38 MAPK inhibitors could have a positive effect on bone homeostasis by exerting bone protective effects in patients with prostate cancer where intensified levels of DKK-1 within prostate cancer metastases have been previously shown to correlate with poorer outcome and survival.21 As discussed earlier, caution must be used with regard to inhibition of MAPK14 and direct effects on osteoblasts and further research is warranted to exclude undesired effects on bone formation. Here, DKK1 is linked to prostate cancer.