The subcutaneous injection of a high dose of L. major (4 × 106 promastigotes/50 μl nutrient broth medium/left hind paw) caused a significant increase in the levels of TNF-α, in the infected (left) and non-infected (right) hind paws at most time points of the experiment (till day 21 post-infection) (Figures 6A,B). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.