More recently, clinical studies have shown significant changes in the circulating levels of TRAIL in patients affected by Type 1 [16, 17] and Type 2 [18, 19] diabetes mellitus [20], confirming the results of previous in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies that suggested a general protective effect of TRAIL in the development/progression of diabetes and diabetes-related complications [21–24]. Here, TNFSF10 is linked to diabetes mellitus.