MAP1LC3A and malignant glioma: Because MAP-LC3 is an essential hallmark for autophagosome formation, we further study the TGF-β1-triggered intracellular localization of MAP-LC3 in the autophagosome by transiently transfecting U251 and U87 malignant glioma cells with a plasmid-expressing GFP fused with LC-3 (pcDNA3.1-GFP-LC3) followed by TGF-β1 treatment for 24 hours.