EDN1 and neoplasm: Given the role of nuclear β-arr1 to regulate gene transcription in tumor cells upon GPCR activation [2, 15, 16, 23, 24, 31, 32, 37], we investigated whether the enhanced nuclear recruitment of β-arr1 in ET-1-stimulated EOC cells could result in the upregulation of HIF-1α target genes, VEGF and ET-1.