AKT1 and cancer: The inhibitory effect of nicotine on apoptosis has been attributed to its ability to activate anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2 and Survivin, as well as inactivation of proapoptotic proteins like Bax and Caspase-3, through the activation of both PI3K/AKT and PKC/ERK signaling pathways in cancer cells [13–15].