PPIB and leishmaniasis: Among these proteins, eukaryotic initiation factor 4a [29,30,31], activated protein kinase c receptor (LACK) [32,33,34], and enolase [35,36] have already been characterized as vaccine candidates or Th1 immunostimulants, whereas dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase [37], and chaperones HSP60 and cyclophilins are known therapeutic targets against leishmaniasis [38,39,40].