MAPK8 and viral infectious disease: The activity of JNK has been linked to virus infection and replication mainly through the effect of downstream transcription factors, such as c-Jun (Lee et al., 2011; Stahl et al., 2012), activator protein 1 (AP-1) (Tardif and Tremblay, 2005; Presser et al., 2013) and NF-κB (Thome et al., 1999; Shi et al., 2012) on transcriptional regulation of viral genes.