MAPK8 and viral infectious disease: Recently, the JNK signaling pathway has been shown to be involved in various viral infections, such as Rotavirus (Holloway and Coulson, 2006), Coxsackievirus B3 (Si et al., 2005), Human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) (Muthumani et al., 2004), Influenza virus (Hrincius et al., 2010), varicella-zoster virus (Zapata et al., 2007), Herpes simplex virus (HSV) (McLean and Bachenheimer, 1999), Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus (Katsuma et al., 2007), Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (Stahl et al., 2012), and Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) (Huang et al., 2011a).