Mice deficient in the adaptor molecule MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88), which is used by all TLRs except TLR3, exhibited a significant increase in mortality compared to WT mice and succumbed to a cryptococcal infection faster than the TLR2 KO mice, suggesting that MyD88 is required for protection against C. neoformans (Yauch et al., 2004; Biondo et al., 2005). The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is cryptococcosis.