For example, targeted depletion of either JNK1 or JNK2 with antisense oligonucleotides caused cell proliferation inhibition associated with S-phase arrest and p53-independent induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21 as well as subsequent decreases in both Cdk1 and Cdk2 kinase activity in cancer cells (Potapova et al., 2000). This evidence concerns the gene CDK2 and cancer.