Tctp is documented as part of the mitochondrial proteome (Fountoulakis et al., 2002; Rezaul et al., 2005), and its expression in the brain is downregulated in pathologies associated with mitochondrial abnormalities, such as Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome (Kim et al., 2001; Nunnari and Suomalainen, 2012; Pagano and Castello, 2012). Here, TPT1 is linked to Down syndrome.