TGFB1 and Hypertension: L-carnitine has been also shown to attenuate the development of kidney fibrosis in rats with L-NAME induced hypertension by up-regulating PPAR-γ44 Attenuation of the renal fibrosis by L-carnitine in these animals was accompanied by significant increase in PPAR-γ expression, significant reduction of TGF-β1 and oxidative stress and inflammation markers.