KLK3 and prostate carcinoma: In agreement with observations obtained in localized prostate cancer patients, the uc.368 rs8004379C variant was also significantly associated with PCSM in advanced prostate cancer patients after adjustment for age, PSA level at ADT initiation, Gleason score, stage, PSA nadir, time to PSA nadir, and treatment modality (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.32–0.70, P < 0.001; Table 3 and Fig. 1D).