This question strongly warrants further inquiry, as recent studies have reported that administration of recombinant sRAGE or anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibodies have therapeutic benefit for several diseases, including acute ischemic stroke for both therapies, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in the case of recombinant RAGE, and sepsis and autoimmune myocarditis in the case of HMGB1 monoclonal antibody therapy39, 40. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.