Our results show up-regulated expression of cytokines including TNF-α (Fig 9A), IL-6 (Fig 9B) and IL-10 (Fig 9C) in 2%DMSO-treated DENV-infected mice and SB203580 treatment significantly reduced the TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 expression upon DENV-infection (Fig 9A, 9B and 9C). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.