TP53 and chondrosarcoma: Consistent with this finding, levels of the previously identified TBX3 targets, p14/p19ARF and p21, increased in both shTBX3 chondrosarcoma cell lines (Figure 3e), which suggest that TBX3 promotes proliferation of chondrosarcoma cells by, in part, repressing key cell cycle regulators.18, 19 It is worth noting that knockdown of TBX3 in the SW1353, but not the ATDC5 (data not shown), cells also resulted in increased p53 protein levels, which suggest that the proproliferative ability of TBX3 in chondrosarcoma cells may be both p53 dependent and independent.