CD4 and inflammatory bowel disease: This antibody induced apoptosis of lamina propria CD4+ T cells isolated from non-IBD individuals, ulcerative colitis and CD patients.97 Incubation of the inflamed mucosal biopsy specimens from patients with IBD with otelixizumab reduced inflammation-associated tyrosine phosphoprotein of proteins associated with T-cell receptor activation.98 Encouraging results from phase 1/2 clinical trials have been reported for visilizumab and foralumab in patients with IBD.99 However, these parenteral CD3-based therapies have high rates of adverse events.