TNFRSF1B and Autoimmunity: The TNFR2 receptor is a signaling protein that triggers Treg differentiation from resting to activated state and triggers Treg proliferation in normal mice and humans.8, 9In vitro application of TNF or TNFR2 agonistic antibodies produces potent and homogeneous aTregs with high TNFR2 expression.6, 8 In functional assays, aTregs with high expression of TNFR2 are highly immunosuppressive, which makes them desirable for autoimmunity but not for cancer treatment.