As previously reported, using conventional methods of measuring Tregs with CD4, CD25, Foxp3 and CD127 markers, we did not observe differences in the frequency of Tregs (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ or CD4+CD25+CD127− cells) between T1D and control subjects (Figure 1a, n=12 controls, n= 23 T1D, P=0.13, P=0.54). This evidence concerns the gene FOXP3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.