Compared with REGγ−/−, colon epithelial cells from WT and REGγ/IκBɛ double-KO mice had dramatically higher expression of p-p65 (Fig. 6g), consistent with the p-p65 results observed in HCT116 shN, shR and dKD (REGγ and IκBɛ stable knockdown) cells (Supplementary Fig. 4B), supporting the contribution of NFκB activity to colitis. The gene discussed is RELA; the disease is colitis.