Among the transformed groups, only iNPCs dysregulated for PI3K and MAPK signalling (Ras/EGFR/SrciNPCs and p53KD-Ras/EGFR/SrciNPCs) were able to form primary tumours when 500 cells were orthotopically injected into the murine brain (Supplementary Fig. 6a and Supplementary Table 3). The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is neoplasm.