HMGA2 and neoplasm: Conversely, several studies have reported that the association of HMGA2 overexpression with the transformation and metastatic progression of neoplastic cells suggests its causal role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression (Mahajan et al., 2010; Piscuoglio et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2011; Wend et al., 2013; Xu et al., 2004).