To our knowledge, nucleosomes, as demonstrated in the present study, and the adenosine-generating ecto-5′-nucleotidase/CD73 [11] and the cytokines interleukin 8, hepatocyte growth factor, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor [12], are so far the only markers that may aid to identify the patients who present without signs of OD but are bound to develop it during the course of AP. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is alkaline phosphatase measurement.