Interestingly, infection with either of the three RNA viruses induced elevated levels of STING dimers in the lysates (Fig. 1f), and consistent with this, the residual induction of interferon-β and CXCL10 expression by IAV in MAVS-deficient cells was ablated when STING but not cGAS was knocked down by shRNA (Fig. 1g and Supplementary Fig. 2d). Here, STING1 is linked to infection.