NFKBIA and cancer: Phosphorylation of IκB-α by the upstream kinases (I kappa B kinase [IKK]-alpha, IKK-beta, IKK-gamma and NF-kappa B-inducing kinase [NIK]), induces the subsequent ubiquitination of IκB-α, which leads to degradation of IκB-α and activation of the NF-κB pathway13.NF-κB can regulate the development of cancer as it transcriptionally activates a variety of apoptosis- and proliferation-related genes.