Recent analysis conducted by The Cancer Genome Atlas project, shows that within the HPV+ population of HNSCC there is an increase in loss of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 gene and presence of activating mutations in PIK3CA gene, which enhance NF-κB signalling and promote a pro-inflammatory microenvironment [44]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.