ESR1 and melanoma: The discovery of biomarkers such as the breakpoint cluster region/Abelson (BCR/ABL) gene in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, the Estrogen Receptor (ER) status of breast cancer patients, and the v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 (BRAF) mutational status of melanoma patients has resulted in the development of effective targeted agents and successful patient stratification leading to better clinical outcomes [1].